Gar usefru n tura d win n zik, yella umaynut ? Sghur Kamel Bouamara

Deg lqern wis XIX, d anemgal, llan kra n yifayluten yuran, ulamma mačči aṭas aṭas. Acimi ? Acku deg lawan-nni, tamurt n Fransa tuɣ tamurt-nneɣ teɣzi tehri, dɣa llan gar-asen, yifransisen, ama d iɛsekriwen, ama d wiyaḍ, i d-igemmren isefra n yifsiḥen iqbayliyen. Am waken i d-nniɣ, yella gar-asen Hanoteau (1867), Boulifa (1904) i d-yewwin ɣef yisefra n Si Muḥend. Syinna kkren-d Yiqbayliyen i d-igemmren isefra n yifsiḥen akked tefsiḥin n Tmurt, gar-asen Jean-El Mouhoub Amrouche (1937), Feraoun (1960), Malek Ouari, Mammeri (1980), Taseɛdit Yacine, Yusef Nacib, Kamal Bouamara, atg. Imeskaren-a jemɛen-d ayen i d-yeqqimen, ayen iwumi weɛɛan deg yisefra n Tmurt n tallit yellan gar lqern wis XIX akked wis XX.

13/12/2011 - 09:12 mis a jour le 13/12/2011 - 12:41 sɣur K. Bouamara



Ur nessin akken iwata asefru n zik, wid n leqrun yezrin, acku ulac ifayluten (1) yuran. Iɛerquben (2) n yisefra n zik ay nla ass-a, wid n lqern wis XIX ur ugiten ara. Gar wammuden-a, nezmer ad nebder win n Hanoteau (1867) i d-yewwin abruy ɣef yifsiḥen i yellan, i yeddren di lqern wis XIX neɣ uqbel. Llan daɣen yimassen i d-yewwin abruyen ɣef Yusef Uqasi, ɣef Smaɛil Azikiw, … Maca , i d-nniɣ, d ibruyen kan. Ammud i d-iga M. At Mɛemmer (1980) ila deg-s wugur d ameqqran: seg tama igemmer-d isefra n yimedyazen n leqrun iɛeddan (daymi i as-isema Poèmes kabyles anciens ) ; deg wammud-a ihi, ad naf ismawen n yifsiḥen n Tmurt n Yizwawen, am Yusef Uqasi i yeddren gar lqern wis XVII d wis XVIII, am Sidi Qali (3) i yeddren uqbel Yusef Uqasi, ɣas akken Hanoteau yerra-t deg yifsiḥen n lqern wis XIX. Seg tama-nniḍen adlis n M. At Mɛemmer yeffeɣ-d deg lqern wis XX, deg 1980 i tikelt tamezwarut. Ugur ihi, d acu-t ? Ur neẓri amek i d-yewwi M. At Mɛemmer isefra n yifsiḥen iqdimen, n tallit n Yusef Uqasi, d amedya : d tagmert i ten-id-igemmer ɣur yimdanen, neɣ d imawlan-is i as-d-yeǧǧan ifayluten yuran? Ur neẓri. Maca llan wid i d-yeqqaren belli imawlan d Dda Lmulud uran kra n yisefra iqdimen i d-as-ǧǧan Dda Lmulud.

Nezmer ad d-nini ihi belli ur nessin ara tamedyezt n leqrun wis XVIII, wis XVII, atg. Ur nessin ara ula d ismawen n yifsiḥen n Tmurt n Leqbayel n tallit-nni, acku, i d-nniɣ, ulac ifayluten yuran i d-yeqqimen. Yeqqim-d yisem n umussnaw Buɛemran akked kra n tmenniwin-ines, maca ur neḥsi ara anta tallit ideg yedder.

Deg lqern wis XIX, d anemgal , llan kra n yifayluten yuran, ulamma mačči aṭas aṭas. Acimi ? Acku deg lawan-nni, tamurt n Fransa tuɣ tamurt-nneɣ teɣzi tehri, dɣa llan gar-asen, yifransisen, ama d iɛsekriwen, ama d wiyaḍ, i d-igemmren isefra n yifsiḥen iqbayliyen. Am waken i d-nniɣ, yella gar-asen Hanoteau (1867), Boulifa (1904) i d-yewwin ɣef yisefra n Si Muḥend. Syinna kkren-d Yiqbayliyen i d-igemmren isefra n yifsiḥen akked tefsiḥin n Tmurt, gar-asen Jean-El Mouhoub Amrouche (1937), Feraoun (1960), Malek Ouari, Mammeri (1980), Taseɛdit Yacine, Yusef Nacib, Kamal Bouamara, atg. Imeskaren-a jemɛen-d ayen i d-yeqqimen, ayen iwumi weɛɛan deg yisefra n Tmurt n tallit yellan gar lqern wis XIX akked wis XX.

Deg wammuden-a, nezmer ad nekkes kra n yilugan iɣef yebna usefru n Tmurt n Leqbayel. S umata, neẓra ɣef wacu i d-ttawin, nessen isental imeqqran, maca nessen daɣen ilugan yerzan lebni n usefru. Imi mačči d adeg ideg nezmer ad d-nessegzi s telqey ilugan-a, dɣa ad neɛreḍ ad d-nefk kra n yiwellihen kan.

1. Asefru n Leqbayel yeqqen ɣer ccna : s umata (4), asefru d uḥiḥa (ccna) ttwarzen wa ɣer wa. Neẓra acu n ufus (5) i yetturar uḥiḥa deg tmetti taqbaylit n zik, rnu d tin n wass-a kifkif. Lxalat cennunt deg waṭas n tegnatin : deg urar n lxalat (deg tmeɣriwin), deg tala, mi ara teẓẓad tasirt, mi ara tesǧellib mmi-s (yelli-s), mi ara t-tezzuzun akken ad yeṭṭes, atg. Irgazen daɣen cennun deg leswaq am yimeddaḥen, deg tmeɣriwin am yiḍebbalen neɣ znuzun lḥenni, cennun deg lexlawi (am yimeksawen) ; ttcewwiqen deg tmesgida ɣef ddin, mi ara yili umettan ….

Daymi i d-yettban ulac asefru war ccna/acewweq, ulac ccna war asefru. Dɣa yettban-d ccna/aḥiḥa/acewweq d allal , d ttawil swayes ileḥḥu usefru gar yimdanen, swayes yettidir, swayes tasuta tettakk-it i tayeḍ.

2. Asefru n leqrun-a (wis XIX akked wid XX alamma d 1950/60) ur ibeddel ara talɣa . Talɣa n usefru, ɣas akken wa ɣezzif, wa wezzil, tezga d tinna. S umata llant snat n talwiwin n usefru awezzlan :

a/ amesḍis (6): d asefru ideg llan 6 n yifyar (2x3) : md.

Yiwen d bu-zegza neɛqel-it

Seg yeɣẓer i d-ixutel

Ma yella d uḥdiq neffer-it

Abrid wayeḍ ad iqatel

Ma yella d ungif neml-it

Ad fell-as sewwbeɣ lmaqel.

Y. Uqasi

b/ ametẓa (7): d asefru ideg llan 9 n yifyar (3x3). md.

Asmi i lliɣ d acawrar

Zzin-iw yufrar

Ixeddem-d baba fell-i

Nekseb tiɣezza deg Camlal

Nerna idurar

Ɛuddeɣ d ssaba irkelli

Tura mi senndeɣ s uffal

ZZher-iw imal

A ḥesra ɣef zik-nni !

Si Muḥend

GRET TAMAWT (1):

Deg a), ad naf : –7 n tunṭiqin ( deg yal afyir ; –ifyar msaḍan gar-asen, meḥsub : ttfakkan s tmeɣrut (9).

Deg b), azd naf : –Afyir 1 d wis 3 n yal taseddart lan 7 n tunṭinqin, ma d wis 2 ila 5 n tunṭiqin kan –Tameɣrut : tin n ufyir 1 d wis 2 n yal taseddart msadant; afyir wis 3 n yal taseddart d yiwet.

GRET TAMAWT (2):

Ma yella ɣezzif usefru (tizlit), ad naf asuddes gar yimesḍisen akked yimetẓaten.

Asefru/taɣect n 195/60 ar ass-a

ɣas akken yella umaynut akked usnulfu, deg wayen yerzan isental akked amḍan n tunṭiqin deg ufyir (10), ɣer kra n yicennayen yecban Matoub, aït Menguellet d wiyaḍ, ɣer kra n yimedyazen, am Ben Mohamed, Lhacène Ziani, … maca tameɣrut tezga tella.

D tidet nezmer ad naf ɣur kra n yicennayen am Ferḥat Imaziɣen Imula asefru ur nebni ara ɣef tmeɣrut akked umḍan n tunṭiqin, am tezlit-nni “ɣur-i yiwen n umdakkel” neɣ “Nnif d lḥerma” ; nezmer daɣen ad naf ɣur kra n yimedyazen n wass-a, am Mexkuf Buɣareb ssenf n usefru-ya iwumi ara nsemmi “afyir ilelli”, maca …ulac aṭas.

D acu i d”afyir/asefru ilelli” ?

D win ur nebni ara wala ɣef yiwen n umḍan n tunṭiqin neɣ sin, wala ɣef tmeɣrut. Am wakken i yella deg yidelsan -nniḍen, nezmer ad d-neg asefru wa ma nesseqdec sin n yilugan-a iqburen : yiwen n umḍan n tunṭiqin akked tmeɣrut ɣer taggara n yifyar.

……………………………………………………

(1) afaylu (yuran): document (écrit).

(2) aɛerqub (n yisefra) : ammud (n yisefra).

(3) mačči “Qala” : isem n tidet : Sidi Qali …Isem « Qala » yella ar ass-a.

(4) Llan yifsiḥen n zik ur necni ara isefra-nsen, am Si Muḥend U Mḥend.

(5) afus : s unamek n “tawuri ” (rôle/fonction).

(6) amesḍis : asefru bu sḍis n yifyar (sizain).

(7) ametẓa : asefru bu tẓa (9) n yifyar.

( tunṭiqt : syllabe.

(9) amḍan n tunṭiqin : nombre de syllabes.

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